Life scenes of ancient creatures

What’s it like to be close at hand?

The First Holographic Zoo in China

What are the highlights of immersive experience?

On February 24th, the "Holographic Zoo" immersive experience project in Shanghai Natural Museum was launched in the b1 Pro Exhibition Hall. The audience can immerse themselves in the life scenes of various rare dinosaurs, such as Tyrannosaurus rex growling at you, pterosaurs passing overhead, little dinosaurs breaking out of their shells and confusing dragons passing you by. Let’s have a look.

Walking into the 19-meter "Holographic Gallery" in the Holographic Zoo, the scene of paleontology life in front of you has a visual impact instantly. The huge creatures in ancient times seem to be in front of you. Tyrannosaurus Rex, pterosaurs and other creatures will suddenly run in front of you, and even feel their snorts and experience an unprecedented sense of presence. The audience will then become time travelers and travel through the ancient world.

"Holographic Zoo" of Shanghai Natural Museum

Project coordinator Zhou Ming introduced:

"The Shanghai Museum of Natural History has more than 280,000 exhibits, of which more than 8,000 are paleontological collections. In fact, there is a big difference between paleontology and living organisms. Their active period is too far away from us, which may be because it is out of reach, making it more difficult for the public to imagine or grasp their living habits and body characteristics, including their living environment and their relationship. The immersive experience of holographic zoo is mainly to make the collection glow with new life through advanced digital technology, break the gap between time and space, bring distant paleontology to the public, and let the audience get in touch with them at close range. "

According to reports, the "Holographic Zoo" project adopts ultra-short focus holographic projection technology, includingHolographic Theater, Holographic Corridor and Holographic FenceThe three sections lead the audience into the mysterious ancient world from a new perspective and get in touch with prehistoric creatures such as dinosaurs. In the "holographic fence", the audience can overlook all kinds of dinosaurs and insects 30 meters underground, and observe the living habits of dinosaurs and reptiles of different sizes at close range.

Zhang Xuebing, founder and ceo of Shanghai Youliyun Vision Technology Co., Ltd. said: "The Holographic Zoo uses our projection technology of the world’s leading holographic corridor, which is actually one of the best invention awards of the year selected by American Time Magazine in 2023. In this holographic zoo, we use a comprehensive holographic projection, coupled with the dynamic tracking technology of the position, which can let our audience have a full immersion experience of perfect angle. "

It is understood that the project was exhibited in the Australian Museum, and this is the first exhibition in China, allowing the audience to feel, understand and care for nature in a more diverse way.

ShangguanNo. Author: Shanghai Jing ‘an

Text | Silicon Valley 101

Love is expensive.

On February 14th, International Valentine’s Day, shopping sales in the United States exceeded $25 billion. In Valentine’s Day gifts, more than one-fifth of people choose jewelry.

In this issue of Silicon Valley 101, we will talk about an industry closely related to love: diamonds. How is it priced by international interest groups? How is it deeply bound to love and marriage? Now, is it pulled down by the breakthrough of artificial diamond technology in the laboratory? Besides love economics, we also found a market with more potential for diamonds in the future. …

Where does the Lab Diamond come from?　

Diamonds have been regarded as treasures and precious symbols in human society for thousands of years, but it was not until 1772 that Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, a French scientist known as the "father of modern chemistry", put a diamond in a closed tank filled with oxygen and burned it with a huge magnifying glass focusing on the sun’s rays. It was found that diamonds, like carbon, form the same amount of carbon dioxide per gram of material, and thus human beings realized that.

Since then, human beings have started the exploration of artificial diamonds. And this exploration is hundreds of years. It was not until the 1950s that the first technological breakthrough suddenly occurred.

In 1952, Union Carbide, an American petrochemical company, produced miniature synthetic diamonds by chemical vapour deposition (CVD for short) at low pressure and relatively low temperature.

A year later, in 1953, ASEA, a Swedish general motor company, successfully developed HPHT technology, which is short for high pressure and high temperature, with another technology, and synthesized diamonds.

Then, in 1954, scientists from GE Company in the United States also made diamonds in the laboratory through HPHT technology.

Seeing this, are you curious: Why do companies like petrochemical, electric machinery and general electric study synthetic diamonds? This is because in the 1950s, just after the Second World War, diamonds were widely used in industrial applications. The governments of the United States and many other countries believe that industrial diamonds are very important to manufacturing, so they define industrial diamonds as strategic reserves.

However, although millions of carats of synthetic diamonds are produced every year, no company can make artificial diamonds large enough and of good quality for the jewelry industry. Why? Let’s take apart these two methods of making diamonds: HTHP and CVD.

HTHP method uses graphite powder as raw material and metal catalyst powder as catalyst, and establishes a high temperature and high pressure environment through current heating and hydraulic device to simulate the crystallization and growth environment of natural diamond, so that graphite undergoes phase transformation and forms diamond crystals.

Thermodynamically, HTHP mode is the most similar to the growth mechanism of natural diamond, which is to recombine carbon atoms at high temperature and high pressure to form a regular tetrahedral diamond structure with sp3 C-C bond.

However, during the growth of diamond by HTHP method, impurities such as iron, cobalt and nickel in the pressure transmission medium and raw and auxiliary materials will continue to enter the diamond crystal, forming various defects, and the diamond produced will be yellow or brownish yellow, which makes the purity not ideal, and the effective growth space of diamond is also limited. Moreover, the energy and equipment used in the early HTHP method are also very expensive.

Another method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), refers to activating (CH4/H2, CH4/N2, CH4/Ar, etc.) carbon-containing mixed gases by certain methods under the conditions of high temperature and low pressure, so that carbon atoms in them can be stripped from carbon source gases and deposited on appropriate substrates (such as Si, c-BN, SiC, Ni, Co, Pt, Ir and Pd, etc.). It’s a bit like when it snows, snowflakes pile up little by little.

Because CVD method does not need to add metal catalyst powder, there will be less impurities, but the early technology is not mature, which makes the quality of the diamonds produced different, and the color is not easy to control, and the cultivation period is long, which makes the cost very high.

However, it is a bit like practicing martial arts. As long as the secret of the book is right, as long as you use time to polish your skills, you will be able to practice it. In the next few decades, both HTHP method and CVD method are rapidly iterating.

In 1971, General Electric announced the creation of carat-grade gem diamonds, which were polished and sent to GIA, the American Gemological Research Institute, for identification. But at that time, these diamonds were easily identified as synthetic diamonds because they could be observed by optical microscope.

De Beers, the leader of the diamond industry, couldn’t sit still after watching the development of synthetic diamond technology. In 1959, it announced to join the R&D corps and began to produce synthetic diamonds for industrial use commercially in 1961.

In 1987, 26 years later, De Beers synthesized a gem-grade diamond of 11.14 carats, and in 1990, three years later, a diamond single crystal with good quality was successfully synthesized, weighing 14. 2 carats.

Since then, Japan, the United States, Russian Federation, China and so on have all started to rapidly increase their technological research and development in the field of synthetic diamonds.

One of the important milestones in the industry is 2012.

Has a new era arrived?

Earlier, we said that the color of the diamond produced by CVD process is not easy to control, but around 2012, CVD diamond manufacturers found that changing the gas in the growth chamber and using the "higher purity" synthetic diamond called "Type II A" as the seed crystal plate can improve the color of the finished diamond and accelerate the growth rate by five times. At the same time, the manufacturer found that the subsequent high-pressure and high-temperature treatment can improve the color, make the diamond colorless and gem-grade, and also cover up some iconic visual features of CVD, thus making it more difficult to identify.

Therefore, in March 2012, Gemesis Company, located in Sarasota, Florida, USA, began to sell colorless synthetic diamonds produced by CVD process.

The researchers of GIA, the American Gemological Research Institute, smelled the wind of the market and immediately bought 16 diamonds from Gemesis and began to identify them. They found that 15 of the diamonds were cut with round brilliants, weighing from 0.24 carat to 0.86 carat, and most of them were nearly colorless. On GIA’s 4C rating of diamonds, the color rating is from D to Z, and D is the closest to colorless. Most diamonds bought by GIA from Gemesis are rated as F and G, which are quite good in color, three of them are rated as I and J, and the largest 0.9-carat rectangle cut diamond is rated as L. In terms of clarity, basically all the diamonds bought are at the higher level of VVS or VS, and one of them has reached the top purity of "flawless inside".

Dr Wuyi Wang (Wang Wuyi), director of research and development of GIA at that time, immediately led the research team to conduct a series of extensive tests on synthetic diamonds, including complex spectral analysis, as well as examination of characteristics such as inclusions, texture patterns and ultraviolet fluorescence reaction, and the conclusion was as follows:

In the past decade, the quality of colorless to near colorless CVD grown diamonds has been greatly improved. These samples show that it is necessary to use advanced spectral technology to distinguish these synthetic diamonds from natural diamonds.

GIA’s research team published the conclusion in the summer of 2012, which exploded in the market in an instant, causing great controversy. Jewelry industry organizations strongly call for greater information disclosure and punishment for those producers who fail to disclose synthetic diamonds.

At this point, the laboratory artificial diamond formally poses a threat to the natural diamond market. Many artificial diamond jewelers and laboratories have mushroomed into the market, and the sales of artificial diamond jewelry have started to soar rapidly, and people’s acceptance of laboratory diamonds is also increasing. Natural diamonds previously known as "rare and precious" were suddenly pulled down from the altar. It seems that a new era has arrived.

In 2016, the International Synthetic Diamond Association (IGDA) was formally established, headquartered in the United States, aiming at better communication and publicity on the technology and development of synthetic diamonds, and at the same time, conducting more unified and standardized terminology and behavior guidelines, thus promoting the development of the entire laboratory synthetic diamond industry.

Next, let’s answer a question: In recent years, have synthetic diamonds really pulled natural diamonds off the altar? Has the myth and monopoly of diamonds really been broken? To answer this question, we must first look at how the pricing system of natural diamonds was first established, and the story is particularly funny and bloody.

Let’s turn the clock back to the 19th century.

The Rhodes era of 03 De Beers: becoming a diamond monopolist

For a long time after being discovered, diamonds were once only symbols of the royal family and nobles and ornaments of wealth. They were really scarce in those years until a large diamond mine was discovered.

In 1871, the De Beers brothers in South Africa discovered a huge diamond mine, which was soon bought by British businessman cecil rhodes for 6,600 pounds. Seventeen years later, in 1888, De Beers United Mining led by Rhodes was established. With the support of the British colonial government at that time, the diamond capital war was started by constantly annexing other diamond mines to monopolize the market.

After capital annexation and melee, 3,600 diamond mining licenses in the market were reduced to 100, and the diamond mining rights were further centralized. In 1900, as De Beers of Rhodes defeated Kimberly Central Diamond Mining Company, the biggest competitor, to become the dominant player in the industry, De Beers not only established a monopoly on diamond mines, but also controlled the diamond sales market with one hand and had absolute dominance in the pricing of diamond market. By the time Rhodes died in 1902, De Beers, which he built, controlled 90% of the world’s mining and sales.

But for any monopolistic business behavior, it is difficult to lay down the country, but it is even more difficult to hold the country.

The only risk for De Beers, the industry overlord, is that a huge new diamond mine is discovered. De Beers’ coping strategy is: if a new diamond mine is discovered, I will buy one, if another is discovered, I will buy another … so as to maintain the continuous monopoly position in the industry. Just as Rhodes died, a great event happened in the diamond industry.

This year, a super-large diamond mine was discovered in South Africa, which is the famous "Callinan Mine", and it is also the place where the world’s largest original diamond record was found: the "Callinan Diamond" with a weight of 3,106.75 carats.

However, the owner of the Callinan mine was so contemptuous of the monopoly trade mechanism created by Rhodes that he refused to sell it to De Beers and sold the mine to a German Jewish businessman named Ernst Oppenheimer.

De Beers immediately fell into a panic: at that time, the diamond reserves in Callinan mine were almost equal to the sum of all mines controlled by De Beers. If Oppenheimer quickly pushes the diamonds from Callinan mine to the global market, it means that the retail price of diamonds will collapse, and De Beers will lose its monopoly on the diamond market.

To make matters worse, Rhodes, the founder of De Beers, has just died, and the company is in a leaderless state. Oppenheimer, on the other hand, is an extremely shrewd businessman, backed by big consortia such as JP Morgan, and he knows that De Beers must buy the Callinan mine, but because of this, the initiative is actually in his hands.

In the next few years, Oppenheimer bought shares in De Beers while buying new diamond mines. In 1926, De Beers, whose market share was continuously eroded by Oppenheimer’s subsidiary "Anglo American PLC", took the initiative to find Oppenheimer to negotiate.

For Oppenheimer, the time has come. He told the board of directors of De Beers directly that he would neither leave with a bill nor fight with De Beers. He proposed to merge with De Beers and serve as the chairman after the merger. Soon, the leaderless De Beers board agreed to Oppenheimer’s proposal. In July 1926, Oppenheimer used all the shares of Anglo-American Resources Company to obtain the control of De Beers by replacing the shares. Three years later, Oppenheimer became the chairman of De Beers Group.

Remember that the original owner of the Callinan mine sold the mine to Oppenheimer because he didn’t like De Beers’ monopolistic behavior? As a result, Oppenheimer, who annexed De Beers, became a monopolist who believed in profiteering even more.

The Oppenheimer Age of 04 De Beers: Top Marketing and Century Advertising

Why is Oppenheimer a businessman who believes in monopoly more than Rhodes? Through his handling of several incidents, everyone can appreciate it.

On October 24th, 1929, just as De Beers was preparing to enter the American market, the new york stock market crashed, and 11 bankers committed suicide in one day. At the same time, the United States entered the Great Depression before the Second World War.

Who would want to buy diamonds during the Great Depression, right? In the face of the weak demand market and falling prices, Oppenheimer thought of three vicious measures, which laid the foundation for De Beers to sit back and relax and continue to monopolize the diamond empire for decades to come:

First, control output.

The demand-supply curve of the introductory course of economics tells us directly that when you have a significant impact on the output of the supply side, you can adjust the price of goods, especially monopolists.

Just like OPEC, which has more than a dozen member countries, for oil prices, every time you watch the news, OPEC will reduce production or increase production, which can directly have a very huge impact on oil prices. In the diamond market, De Beers, a company, is equivalent to OPEC.

First, De Beers shut down almost all diamond mines in South Africa to reduce production. In 1930, De Beers’ production in South Africa was 2 million carats, which was reduced to 14,000 carats in 1933. New mines in Namibia were also shut down, and the production of Congo and Portuguese Angola was directly taken over by Oppenheimer’s London company to prevent them from appearing in the open market. But the situation is still getting worse year by year. By 1937, De Beers’ inventory had increased to about 40 million carats. What is this concept? If the market demand is about 2 million carats per year, it is equivalent to 20 years’ supply.

There are even allegations that De Beers threw a lot of diamonds into the sea to control the overproduction of the market and maintain the price. But it should be noted here that the evidence of these allegations is limited, and De Beers has never confirmed such allegations. But it also shows that De Beers’ influence on the diamond supply side has been very direct for many years.

First, in 1934, De Beers established the diamond CSO agreement, the full name of which is "Central Selling Organization".

De Beers signed an exclusive market agreement at the front end of the diamond mine, and after buying these diamonds, it calculated the best market volume every year according to the market situation to better control the supply side. De Beers signed CSO agreements with about 125 dealers around the world. Every year, these 125 dealers regularly go to London to see rough diamonds, and then they take them to all parts of the world for cutting and selling.

In the whole CSO network, although De Beers is a seller, this seller is very strong. At the ten fairs every year, the price of diamonds below 10 carats is fixed, and the price above 10 carats is negotiable. Three weeks before each inspection meeting, dealers need to submit a list of requests. Then at the inspection meeting, De Beers directly sells the dealers a briefcase the size of a lunch box, which will contain diamonds of different sizes and qualities. This briefcase is called "allotment", which will contain diamonds applied by dealers, but some dealers have not applied, and dealers can only accept the price and delivery set by De Beers in full, and there is no room for selection and counter-offer. The list of CSO CSO125 dealers is dynamic, and it is reviewed every three years. If someone does not perform well, they will be deprived of the right to see the goods.

Have you never seen such a strong seller? Just because De Beers controls the upstream of rough diamond mining, it also monopolizes the right to speak in the downstream of diamond field, such as sales.

At the same time, I would like to mention that in 1953, De Beers and GIA, the Gemological Institute of the United States, jointly formulated the diamond 4C, which is the English initials of color, clarity, cut and carat we just mentioned, and GIA issued the appraisal certificate, which became the benchmark of global diamond pricing. In this way, 4C and GIA appraisal made the rough diamonds controlled by some "irregular legions" of diamonds-for example, warlords after African countries began to break away from colonial rule-not recognized by international sales networks and consumers, but had to bow their heads and cooperate with De Beers to join the CSO system.

Third, in addition to controlling supply and sales, De Beers also began to "brainwash" consumers through marketing and advertising, creating soaring market demand.

Oppenheimer sent his son, Harry, to contact Hollywood movie stars, and used diamonds as a sponsor of Oscar and other awards ceremonies. Soon, diamond ornaments became popular among Hollywood stars. At the same time, De Beers hired NW Ayer, a well-known advertising company headquartered in new york, to reformulate its marketing strategy. After market research, NW Ayer concluded that the strong combination of diamonds and love can really trigger and stimulate market demand.

So in 1948, "A Diamond is Forever", which is translated as the well-known "Diamonds last forever, one will last forever" advertising series began to be widely introduced to the market. In advertisements and various movies, men bought diamonds for their favorite women who were crying with joy and immersed in love. As a result, love, a priceless treasure that everyone yearns for, was strongly bound together with valuable diamonds.

De Beers immediately introduced the concept of diamond engagement ring, and the promotion of this concept was undoubtedly very successful: not only Europe and America, but also international regions such as Japan began to pursue engagement rings. In 1966, only 6% of Japanese brides received engagement rings, whereas in the past, it was often in pearl style, and only 1% received diamond rings. In the 1990s, 90% of Japanese brides received diamond rings when they got married.　

Moreover, there are several advantages to strongly combine diamond ring with marriage. First, it has become a hard demand for every newly married couple. Second, since diamonds represent love, second-hand sales are regarded as a great blasphemy against love, so not many people sell second-hand diamond rings, and even if they do, there are few buyers. After all, who wants a diamond that represents the love of others? "The only, permanent and beautiful one is mine."

This means that the market demand for new diamonds will rise steadily. Therefore, after controlling output, controlling supply chain and sales, and launching century advertisements to "brainwash" consumers, De Beers strongly knocked on the door of the American market, and such stable demand and market monopoly continued until the 1990s.

Monopoly breaker: the disintegration of the former Soviet Union

In the 1950s, the former Soviet Union discovered a huge diamond mine in Siberia. De Beers, on the other hand, returned to the classic old problem: to maintain its monopoly position, it is necessary to control the diamond mining in the former Soviet Union. So De Beers said to the former Soviet Union at that time, I took all your diamonds, so they immediately signed a secret all-sale binding contract.

In the 1990s, the contract with the former Soviet Union became the source of the collapse of De Beers’ monopoly diamond empire for decades. In 1991, the former Soviet Union, the second largest diamond producer in the world, disintegrated. De Beers could not continue the previous agreement, and Siberian diamond mines and many governments began to bypass De Beers. Soon, in the late 1990s, the number of diamonds sold outside the agreement was increasing. At the same time, Australia and Canada have discovered world-class diamond mines one after another, and the global diamond shipments have gradually exceeded De Beers’ capacity, so in the end, it can only give up the traditional strategy of all acquisitions, and gradually, De Beers’ share of diamond supply has gradually declined.

On the other hand, De Beers began to face anti-monopoly investigations by the United States and the International Department of Justice in the 1990s, which completely dashed De Beers’ hope of regaining its monopoly position. In 2011, Anglo American, an Anglo-American resource group, bought 40% of the Oppenheimer family shares for $5.1 billion (3.2 billion pounds), increasing its shareholding in De Beers to 85%, ending the Oppenheimer family’s control over De Beers for 80 years.

With the improvement of technology, more and more countries begin to mine and polish their own ores. In 2016, De Beers’ market share decreased to around 35%. In recent years, Alrosa, a Russian diamond company that has been closely followed, has surpassed the output and lost its position as the industry leader.

06 checks and balances and competition between old and new forces

So let’s go back to the question we mentioned at the beginning: Have natural diamonds been pulled down by artificial diamonds? The answer is, unfortunately, not yet.

But let’s take a closer look here. Since the first quarter of 2022, the price of natural diamonds has been falling all the way. De Beers lowered the price of rough diamonds by about 10% in this year’s first auction, and continued to cut prices after last year’s decline.

However, if we go back to the St. Louis Fed’s gem-grade diamond import price index, and then lengthen the time axis a little, we will find that the current decline in diamond prices has only fallen to December 2021. If you stretch it again, you will find that it is far from falling to the low point of the 2008 financial crisis. We also interviewed an international analyst who has been tracking the diamond market for many years. He believes that the current decline in natural diamonds is mainly a revision of the rapid increase in diamond prices from 2020 to 2021. At that time, during the epidemic, because of the international supply chain problems, there was a shortage of diamonds, which led to a rapid increase in prices.

Paul Zimny, senior independent diamond analyst/consultant.

Our demand for natural diamonds set a record in 2021 and 2022. The current trend is that the demand for diamonds will decrease in 2023. I mean, it affects the price of diamonds. In the long run, the price of diamonds will be relatively stable. Therefore, you may not see much price change on the jewelry counter.

And we see that since the end of 2023, the overall diamond price has begun to stabilize. However, analysts believe that synthetic diamonds must have had a certain impact on the natural diamond market. After all, they are the same substance and the price gap is so large. However, he believes that the price correction is the main reason for the recent decline of diamonds, not the impact brought by laboratory diamonds. There are the following emerging phenomena.

First, synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds are not eating each other’s markets, but two completely different markets and tracks. Synthetic diamonds, because of their low price, attract new price-sensitive consumers who didn’t buy diamond rings or diamond jewelry before, and attract people who would have bought natural diamonds to try to buy artificial diamond jewelry. However, the relationship between synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds is not a zero-sum game, but it enlarges the overall market cake. This forecast chart of the American market from the consulting firm Grand View Research can illustrate the problem very well. The overall market scale has become larger, and the separate markets for synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds have become larger, rather than eating into each other.

Many consumers who buy laboratory synthetic diamonds may not be consumers who buy natural diamonds, so this is not a zero-sum game. I think a lot of demand is driven by laboratory synthetic diamonds, which is a new increment, but it is difficult to quantify this accurately. But I think, on the whole, volatility and the price of natural diamonds are more related to the cyclical nature of the industry.

Laboratory diamonds have not broken the strong bond between natural diamonds and love and marriage, or even the jeweler’s insistence on natural diamonds. In addition to De Beers and LVMH, the heads of luxury brands, including Cartier, Van Cleef & Arpels, Louis Vuitton, Shangmei and other jewelry brands, have made it clear that diamonds cultivated in the laboratory can not be accepted by most high-end jewelry consumers at present.

At present, the diamond trade is divided into five levels of distributors:

First-class dealer: mainly responsible for selling rough diamonds and diamonds that have been cut initially.

Second-tier dealers: buyers of big brand companies

Third-level dealers: high-end collectors purchase the best and rarest diamonds.

Fourth-level dealer: ordinary commodity-grade diamonds are sold to general jewelry manufacturers and small retailers.

Fifth-level dealers: face consumer commercial channels (D2C) and provide personalized retail services.

It seems that diamonds cultivated in the first to third laboratories cannot enter, and the fourth and fifth grades will be the main expansion markets. Therefore, we can see that the business models of pet hair cultivating diamonds, ashes diamonds and so on are all narrative and promotion that artificial diamond dealers are trying to do at present.

For the first-class to third-class diamond distribution channels, De Beers is still a very influential player in the industry, although its monopoly position is no longer. The perfect diamond trading system built in the past 100 years and the binding concept of natural diamonds and love are still being used. Therefore, natural diamond giants such as De Beers can still control the quantity and price at the source of mining and keep the price of natural diamonds at a high price.

If we look at the supply of natural diamonds, I think the supply will be relatively stable or even decline in the next 5 to 10 years. I think we will continue to see that the supply of diamonds cultivated in the laboratory will actually increase rapidly, and the production technology and production capacity of large manufacturers are also constantly improving, so the production and supply of these two products are very different.

Whether it is synthetic diamonds or natural diamonds, a large part of them are used for industrial purposes. When discussing the change of market share, we must discuss jewelry-grade diamonds and industrial-grade diamonds separately. And many analysts believe that the future potential of laboratory-cultivated diamonds, or synthetic diamonds, must be in industry, not jewelry.

In October, 2023, WD Lab Grown Diamonds, the second diamond producer in Ushizo, filed for bankruptcy in Delaware. Mike Grunza, CEO of the company, said that in the early days, jewelry-grade synthetic diamonds were still a very profitable business, but now the situation is that a large number of synthetic diamond companies began to produce jewelry-grade diamonds because of the maturity of technology, but the market demand could not swallow such a large supply, and the oversupply made the synthetic diamond market start to price, especially the price pressure from China manufacturers.

According to global market data, the production capacity of jewellery-grade cultivated diamonds in China accounts for about 50% of the total global production capacity, of which 80% comes from Henan Province. Under such a price war, the price of synthetic diamonds plunged by 80% in just one year, and even fell below the price that can be profitable. The cost of producing diamonds exceeded the company’s income from selling diamonds, which made the capital chain of the second Ushizo diamond company in the United States break and eventually went bankrupt.

It should be noted that WD jewelry business closed down, and WD Advanced Materials’ advanced materials department was spun off and re-appeared in public. The person in charge of this part told the media that it is not the purpose of the enterprise to use artificial diamonds as jewelry. Although they may sell gem-grade diamonds to get cash flow, just making jewelry is not the scope that the enterprise can bear in the future.

Similarly, Diamond Foundry, an artificial diamond company invested by Xiao Lizi Leonardo DiCaprio after filming "Blood Diamond" in 2005, has also changed from cultivating jewelry-grade diamonds in the early stage to cultivating high-precision industrial-grade diamonds, including AI and cloud computing chips, new energy charging, wireless communication chips and other fields, but their website home page does not mention jewelry diamond cultivation.

However, analysts believe that the cost needs to be reduced if the diamonds cultivated in the laboratory are to be used in industrial applications on a large scale, especially in high-precision manufacturing.

Just like high-tech industrial applications, if you want to use it as a component or equipment, it needs very high quality, and I think the price must be very low to make it economically meaningful for the industry to use it. This is why we will continue to see that the prices of materials used in all laboratories to make diamonds are falling, because other manufacturers have the incentive to lower their prices, so that they can sell materials to these high-tech industries, all of which are larger than the jewelry industry. So I think there are many opportunities to make diamonds in the laboratory in the direction of precision industrial manufacturing. I think in the next ten years, I will see important news about the diamond manufacturing in the laboratory, which will play a role in these high-tech equipment and applications, such as what most people have, whether it is mobile phones or electric cars, so I will continue to pay attention.

Finally, let’s talk about the controversy over synthetic diamonds. The mining of traditional natural diamonds involves ecological destruction, waste of water resources, and huge carbon emissions. Coupled with the immoral mining chaos behind "blood diamonds", this industry has always faced many criticisms.

However, there is another argument that laboratory-cultivated diamonds, which look more "green", "sustainable" and "transparent" in process, actually produce much more carbon emissions and carbon footprints than natural diamonds: producing a laboratory-cultivated diamond also requires a lot of energy, and requires the division of production in different countries and regions around the world, which also produces a longer carbon footprint than natural diamonds. In addition, the natural diamond mining industry has actually helped and improved the quality of life of residents in many poor and backward areas in Africa, and contributed stable economic income to many areas. If artificial diamonds completely replace natural diamond mining, the economies of these areas will bear the brunt. Therefore, there are also voices questioning whether laboratory-cultivated diamonds are more environmentally friendly than natural diamonds from the perspective of sustainability, which is really open to question.

In addition, because of the endorsement of luxury brands, the entire 4C pricing system and GIA certificate appraisal, natural diamonds make consumers think that authenticity, quality and process are more transparent, but the artificial diamond market is still mixed and the appraisal ecology is not perfect, which also makes some consumers afraid to start, but prefer to buy more secure natural diamonds.

So, let’s sum up:

1) Synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds are two different markets, which may overlap, but the mainstream consumers do not overlap too much at present;

2) In the current situation of the industry, the price war of synthetic diamonds has not directly impacted natural diamonds, but has been involved in making synthetic diamond companies go bankrupt;

3) In terms of development potential, jewelry-grade diamonds are not a fancy market for many synthetic diamond manufacturers, but a larger-scale industrial-grade high-precision manufacturing industry, but the cultivation cost needs to be greatly reduced;

4) Finally, the "environmental protection" narrative of synthetic diamonds has not touched the consumers in the market, and it will take time to verify it.

Maybe diamonds are not eternal, and they can’t be circulated forever. Monopoly business empires will also decline one day, and industries will disappear one day. Everything is unknown, but the only thing is that human beings’ desire to pursue love, beauty and faith is constant and eternal.

Even if one day, the diamond is really pulled down from the altar, I think there will be a new symbol to replace the diamond, and people will give it a new symbolic meaning. Whether this symbol is another substance or a virtual immaterial, we are also curious about what it will be.

The women that Musk, the richest man in the world, likes all have the same characteristics, they are beautiful and have high IQ.

Amber Heard, a Hollywood actress, has a perfect face, stunning appearance, clean and cold temperament, and a bit like a girl next door.

Musk couldn’t resist such a beauty and plunged into the love affair with Amber.

He only saw the beauty of Amber, but he didn’t know there was a crazy soul under the beautiful skin.

Amber is a typical crazy beauty, which makes him eat up the pain of love.

In 2013, Musk met Amber. At that time, he had the idea of pursuing beauty and invited each other to dinner.

At that time, Amber and Johnny Depp were madly in love and didn’t pay any attention to him at all.

Depp, who starred in the Pirates of the Caribbean series, became the top stream in Hollywood and got the title of captain.

Amber and Depp got married in 2015, and after only one year of marriage, they got divorced.

Amber looks like a girl next door on the surface, quiet and beautiful, but in reality it’s crazy.

In terms of feelings, it is not uncommon for her to eat for all ages, for both men and women, and for her to tread more than one boat.

When Amber and Depp divorced, they were accused of excreting in his bed.

I should know something about Amber’s crazy Musk, which didn’t scare him off.

These are not problems for him, but a little crazy can be used as a substitute for life and make life more interesting.

When he entered this relationship, he found that Amber’s madness far exceeded his imagination and brought him great pain.

When Amber and Depp divorced, they walked down the red carpet once and met Musk by chance.

Seeing that Amber was alone, Musk took the initiative to go forward and ask questions.

In this chat, the two exchanged contact information, and Musk began to pursue Amber.

Musk’s way of pursuing beauty is as domineering as the president in Ba Zong’s novel.

Amber complained to him that Depp had domestic violence.

This aroused his strong desire for protection and provided her with 24-hour uninterrupted security service.

As a science and technology madman, he thinks it’s romantic to show someone he likes high technology.

He took Amber to the launch site of Rocket Falcon 9.

Musk successfully caught up with the goddess in his heart.

There are also many happy and sweet moments between them.

Have dinner together happily, walk hand in hand in the street, kiss and hug in public.

In order to make Musk happy, Amber tailored the costume for him.

Happy moments are just embellishments, and the main tone of this relationship is black and violent.

No one knows what Amber thinks in her heart. In this relationship, she especially likes to create chaos and sabotage.

She and Musk often quarreled, and they quarreled all night and endlessly.

Such a day is a kind of torture for each other.

There is love between the two people, and they torture each other, sometimes breaking up and sometimes getting back together.

Musk said that Amber broke up more times than he did.

He really loves Amber.

He is reluctant to leave each other, but it is very painful to be together. This relationship makes him feel "too cruel".

Musk’s relatives and friends don’t like this tossing Amber, saying that she is the most unbearable of all Musk’s girlfriends.

Musk’s younger brother thinks that this woman is "too poisonous", which makes his brother suffer greatly but can’t stop.

This relationship is also quite strong.

The two broke up after dating for more than a year.

After breaking up, Musk often locked himself in a dark room, and the whole person seemed to be in a coma.

This situation lasted for a year and a half.

When Musk told others about his feelings during that time, he said that it was the most painful moment in his life, which was unbelievable.

When the relationship is over, Musk still can’t forget Amber. When he meets the opportunity, he will come to a hero to save the beauty.

After Amber played Hai in Warner’s Neptune, the film received a good response.

The divorce case between Amber and Depp was raging and their reputation was greatly affected.

In 2021, when Warner filmed Aquaman 2, it didn’t want to use Amber any more for fear of affecting the box office.

As the ex-boyfriend of Amber, Musk was very dissatisfied after hearing about it and gave a letter to the film producer.

The general meaning of the letter is that if Amber is not allowed to participate in the filming of the sequel to Neptune, he will burn down the house.

Who is not afraid of the threat of the world’s richest man and scientific genius, Musk has this ability.

So, people saw Amber again in Aquaman 2.

When Musk’s biographer asked him why he fell in love with a woman who was "mean" to him, he replied that he was a fool in love.

Extreme success must be accompanied by extreme personality.

Musk has indeed achieved extreme success in his career and technology. Of course, his personality is also extreme in some aspects.

I often do something that looks silly in love. If I don’t have the aura of the richest man, I will be really stupid in people’s eyes.

At the end of the year, it has been a Chinese custom for thousands of years to pursue the future cautiously and reunite with the family. It’s just that the taste of the year is getting thinner and thinner in the metropolis, and the unique ceremony and attention have become superstitions. For the older generation, there is still some interest in childhood memories; Young people who struggle outside find themselves constantly wavering between competitive pressure and customs, and their belief in going home for the New Year is no longer so strong; For younger children, the Chinese New Year is almost the same as usual, nothing more than eating a good meal and receiving a lot of lucky money. For what is lost, we can only look for it in the past. If we want to find the pure flavor of the year, we have to look at it in the writer’s pen.

Send the kitchen god

In the old days, children were probably given a holiday on the 19th of the twelfth lunar month, in order to spend the next year with their families on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. This year is very similar to the rehearsal of the new year. According to common sense, there are many vendors buying maltose in the streets these days, which is said to be used in king of people. Lao She wrote clearly in "The Spring Festival in Beijing", "Every family in king of people started to ring as soon as it wiped black firecrackers. With the sound of guns, the paper image of the kitchen king was incinerated, and it was euphemistically called sending the kitchen king to heaven. A few days ago, there were more or less people selling maltose and glutinous rice sugar on the street, and the sugar shape was either rectangular or melon-shaped. According to the old saying: if there is sugar sticking to the mouth of the kitchen king, he will not report the bad things in his family to the jade emperor when he gets to heaven. "

Obviously, king of people’s experience left children with an unforgettable experience. Many writers think of the Chinese New Year and never forget to mention it. However, Lao She ate the flavor of Beijing, while Chen Zhongshi found the flavor of Shaanxi. "On the 23rd night of the twelfth lunar month, it was the day of offering sacrifices to the kitchen god. According to folklore, on this night, the kitchen god will return to heaven to report the food and clothing on earth, and every family will make a small round cake with five flavors, which will take him a long way to heaven for dry food and curry favor with him. That night, the spiced round cakes baked in the first pot were first presented to the hanging statue of the kitchen god. I was so greedy that I grabbed the remaining round cakes and bit them. I ate steamed buns with corn flour all winter. This spiced round cake baked with pure white flour is not to mention how fragrant it is. " ("Chinese New Year: Guns of Dreams in Hometown")

After the twenty-first day of the twelfth lunar month, every household entered a tense preparatory stage, and the year ended in near you. There are two things that are most important, one is to clean the house, that is, to clean it up, and at the same time, to count the best things in the house. The second is to prepare new year’s goods, because according to the old custom, all shops should rest before the fifth day, and no knives should be used at home, otherwise it is unlucky. Liang Shiqiu described it well. "Every family is busy taking out the tin incense burner, tin wax label, tin fruit bowl and tin saucer from the cobweb-dusted box for an annual big scrub. Palace lanterns, gauze lanterns and horn lanterns are all out of the cage. New year’s goods should also be prepared as early as possible, including dry goods used in the kitchen, dried apples used to worship the gods and ancestors, peony daffodils provided in the house, and mixed food for children. Honey supply has been ordered in Baiyun Temple for a long time, and it will be delivered to the door in a bowl of paper baskets. The size of the home, going in and out, is like a wind demon. " (See "The Year of Beiping")

family reunion during the Spring Festival

Before the League Year, we need to worship our ancestors first. There are many ambiguities among different writers about ancestor worship. Full of critical spirit, for example, Ba Jin refers to it as a feudal patriarchal tradition in "Home". "Lights are hung in the hall, and red satin embroidered screens are hung on the wooden walls on both sides. The portraits of the ancestors who lie high in the box are also taken out and hung on the wall in the middle in turn to enjoy this annual offering. " The old and young in Gao Mansion are listed in front of the shrine according to the order of male, female and left, and then the old man is invited to take the lead in greeting his ancestors. After worshipping his ancestors, each room kowtows to the old man, followed by children to their parents and servants to their masters. The hierarchy is strictly distinct.

On the other hand, Liang Shiqiu is obviously better at capturing the interest of life. He looked at the whole process with trepidation like a child, only to find that everyone was thinking about the table of New Year’s Eve. Even the portraits of ancestors are vivid. "ancestor worship is one of the climaxes of the new year. Images of ancestors hung above the hall, all of them were in their seventies and eighties, some were grinning and some were glaring, enjoying steaming amid cigarette smoke. In fact, at this time, the dutiful son and grandson kowtowed like garlic, but for some reason, they didn’t mean to pursue the distance cautiously, but everyone was busy with offering sacrifices, burning incense, lighting candles and kowtowing, followed by withdrawing sacrifices and eating New Year’s Eve dinner, so it was too late to pursue the distance cautiously.

When it comes to New Year’s Eve dinner, everyone writes one after another, one is more wonderful than the other, and the other is more attractive. Liang Shiqiu and Wang Zengqi both wrote about the year of Beijing. The dishes of the former look rougher but have Beijing flavor. "Eating is the main program of Chinese New Year. New year’s dishes are standardized, and every family is the same. People with a large population should go into the whole pig, even take the pig’s head into the water and deal with it separately. A pot of stew, plus mushrooms is a bowl, plus vermicelli is a bowl, plus yam is a bowl, a large basin of mustard mound, fish jelly, meat skin hot sauce, a jar of pickled cabbage, mustard bumps-enough. "

Wang Lao’s description is even more mouth-watering. He talked about pickled mustard. "In winter, pickled mustard. Pickling’ spicy vegetables’-Chinese cabbage is dried to remove water, pickled with mustard, and opened in the New Year. The color is as light as gold, and the spicy taste is very fragrant. I have never eaten such delicious pickles since I left my hometown. " (My Grandparents)

He also spent a lot of time describing the extreme delicacy of the New Year’s Eve dinner, and even the millet porridge was so sweet that it was amazing. "Eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival, than households. Some old Beijingers are vegetarian in jiaozi, and take vegetables, fried cakes and Kaoru Miki diced as stuffing to make them fresh and refreshing. Beginning of spring eats spring cakes every day. Shred shallot (raw), green leek or covered leek (stir-fried), mung bean sprouts, radish, sauced meat, sauced chicken and sauced duck, scrambled eggs, add less sweet flour sauce, and roll them with lotus leaf thin cakes. Everything has its own flavor, which is not confused, and it is extremely fragrant and beautiful, which is called’ five spicy dishes’. Shredded radish is essential. Beginning of spring eats radish, which is called "biting spring". It is poetic to bite in spring. When the cake is almost full, drink a bowl of stick slag porridge or millet porridge, which is called’ slip seam’, such as building a wall and grouting. " ("Four Seasons")

There is also a beautiful custom, which is probably the midnight snack on New Year’s Eve. The filial daughter-in-law will put a mark on the old man’s jiaozi and put coins in it to show good luck in the coming year to win the joy of her parents-in-law. Mo Yan wrote in "The Past Years" that "jiaozi was wrapped in money at night. My family used to wrap copper coins in the Qing Dynasty, but jiaozi, who wrapped copper coins, had a strong patina that could not be swallowed, which was equivalent to wasting a precious jiaozi, and later switched to coins. Now that I think about it, the coin is also badly dirty … Some filial daughters-in-law marked the dumpling skin when they wrapped jiaozi during the day, and when they filled jiaozi at night, they filled their in-laws’ bowls with money, so as to win the joy of the old man. One year, in order to eat jiaozi with money, I ate three bowls at a time, but the money was not eaten. As a result, my stomach was broken and I almost died. "

temple fair

On New Year’s Day, men often visit relatives and friends and pay New Year greetings everywhere. And women have been busy for a whole year, and finally they can put down their housework and go out. Of course, the shops are closed, but many monasteries inside and outside the city are open. Business-minded vendors can set up stalls outside the temple and earn a small sum of money. Some buy buy antiques and jades, some show variety, and some prepare some special food in winter.

Lao She is an authentic Beijinger. He directly told the readers that "the Dazhong Temple outside the North City, the Baiyun Temple outside the West City, and the Fire Temple (Factory Dian) in the South City are the most famous … Except for a small hole in the door of the oil and salt shop, the shops are all on the board, and there are often gongs and drums ringing, pounding and knocking, and it is said that the guys are there to vent their accumulated grievances for a year. The girls and kannika nimtragol are all out, and the mothers in Sanhe County have put a trembling red velvet flower in their heads. Where there are big girls and little wives out there, there are more hairy boys crawling around. So the factory was packed, and there was nothing to see in Haiwang Village except a few open-air teahouses and children with runny noses, but the entrance could crowd people to death! The antique jade stall in the Temple of Fire and the bookstall and painting shed in the Land Temple are much more busy than buying things. It’s sunny and snowy, and the streets are muddy. When the cool wind blows, the water drops into ice, and people roll in the snow and ice, so they are as sweet as a clam. Drink bean juice, and you’ll get pickled vegetables, glass horns and big sand geese’, which still has enough temptation for everyone. In addition, such as the Temple of Wealth, Baiyun Temple and Yonghe Palace, people are crowded and people look at people. When you go, your nose and ears will be red with cold. "

If you like playing mahjong, you can also go to the eight hutongs. The original gambling ban was lifted even before the Lantern Festival. "There are excellent dominoes, hardwood tables and beautiful women. However, during the Chinese New Year, almost every family gambles, pushing Pai Jiu, Zhuang Yuanhong, and yelling for six, Xian Yi, young and old. " (Lao She’s Spring Festival in Beijing)

Burn a lamp

For children, perhaps the most anticipated thing in the New Year is firecrackers. According to the calendar, from the first day to the twelfth day, it is called "sending lights", and from the thirteenth to the fifteenth day, it is called "burning lights", and burning lights has become a small competition for fireworks. In front of us, we talked more about the Spring Festival in the north, so we might as well look back at Shen Congwen, a talented person in western Hunan.

The firecrackers simply became a symbol of courage. "As usual, I with urchin qualification, and hundreds of size urchin, follow the team everywhere, and everyone in the fireworks to kill. Those who play with lights should not only rely on strength, but also be brave. To show that the hero is fearless, every time the fireworks in the stadium rise, the white light pours down several feet, and some of them roar like thunder. However, these people have to go into battle shirtless as usual, regardless of whether it’s "thunderbolt" or "tiger coming down the mountain". We are too young to participate in such strenuous activities, so we can only cheer while we are busy. Because we can always follow the team, the horses don’t stray, until it is almost white, and everyone is burned out and exhausted. The team was accompanied by an old fisherman and a clam shell essence. As usual, the clam shell essence chose a handsome boy of 12 or 13 years old to act as it. The old fisherman’s white beard and white hair were all in their original shape, which was ridiculous. "

Of course, girls also like to play. Perhaps everyone still has some impressions of Bing Xin’s favorite "Didi Jin", because it is the most reassuring fireworks for parents. "It’s just that I can’t squeeze into their band! I can only set off some firecrackers that my father bought for us during the day and some fireworks at night. The big one is put on the ground in a tube, and the fire tree and silver flowers are very bright! My favorite is the smallest and simplest’ Didi Jin’. It’s a small paper twist with a little gunpowder, which can be lit in your hand and sniffed, and a little spark will burst out. " (Spring Festival in Childhood)

Ba Jin also saw the social suffering behind "burning lamps". Most people who play dragon lanterns are lean laborers, but they become cruel victims in the carnival of everyone. The bearers took turns to "shoot fireworks at the naked upper body of the dragon lantern player." Burning these people "has changed the color of their flesh", but the cheerful audience did not give up, but continued to "burn desperately" with fireworks. Chueh-hui couldn’t help asking, "Do you think a person should base his happiness on the suffering of others? Do you think you can burn other people’s bodies with fireworks as long as you pay? "

Some of the above customs, dishes and fastidiousness about the Chinese New Year are outdated, perhaps disgusting, while others are sadly disappearing. But it is important to let people give the best expectation for life in a specific ceremony at the moment when the old and the new are alternating, to relive the acquaintance with the really important people, and to remember the hidden and forgotten interest in life itself.

On the morning of January 26th, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development held the deployment meeting of the coordination mechanism of urban real estate financing. Ni Hong, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry, attended the meeting and stressed that the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference should be thoroughly implemented, the coordination mechanism of urban real estate financing should be accelerated to be effective, the development and construction of real estate projects should be supported, the reasonable financing needs of real estate enterprises with different ownership systems should be met equally, and the stable and healthy development of the real estate market should be promoted.

The meeting demanded that we should adapt to the new situation that the relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market has undergone major changes, speed up the construction of a new model of real estate development, combine the long and short, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. It is necessary to adhere to the policy of the city, precise policy, one city and one policy, make good use of the policy toolbox, and fully give urban real estate regulation and control autonomy. Cities can adjust their real estate policies according to local conditions. (Yicai)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 23rd　Question: the national six b emission standards will be fully implemented, and what changes will the automobile industry welcome?

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Zhang Xinxin, Yan Fujing, Gao Kang

　　The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments recently jointly issued an announcement. From July 1, 2023, the national sixth emission standard 6b stage will be fully implemented, and it is forbidden to produce, import and sell cars that do not meet the national sixth emission standard 6b stage.

　　The "boots" of the emission standard policy have been put on the ground, accelerating the automobile industry to enter a new stage of green development. What changes will the full implementation of National Six B bring to the automobile market? Will the fuel vehicle market usher in a "price reduction tide"? Will it accelerate the promotion of new energy vehicles?

　　The car market share of "National Sixth B" exceeds 90%, and the industry has entered a new stage.

　　"National Six Standards" is a standard for preventing and controlling motor vehicle pollution emissions and improving ambient air quality. The "National Six Standards" for light vehicles set two emission limit schemes, National Six A and National Six B, which were implemented in 2020 and 2023 respectively.

　　National Sixth B is about to be fully implemented, but the preparation of the market and industry is not limited to the present.

　　"Since ‘ National Six Standard ’ Since its release, most enterprises have directly carried out product research and development and production in accordance with the requirements of the National Six B standard. The industry is equivalent to implementing the National Six B standard in advance, and the National Six B vehicles occupy a major market share. " The relevant person in charge of China Automobile Industry Association said that many models have already completed the transformation of National Six B, and there is no technical difficulty from the perspective of enterprise production. It is understood that since the implementation of the standard, the proportion of light-duty vehicles in the national six B vehicles has exceeded 95%, and the market share of the national six B vehicles has exceeded 90%.

　　Guangzhou Automobile Group said that all its fuel vehicles have been switched to the National Six B standard; Changan Automobile also shows that there is no pressure for the arrival of National Sixth B, and the newly launched Yida is in line with the National Sixth B standard … … Facing the implementation of standards, manufacturers are ready.

　　The reporter interviewed a number of industry experts and said that from the perspective of the new car market, the implementation of the National Sixth B will not have much impact on the auto market. The National Sixth B Standard has been promoted in advance in first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, and the implementation of the new regulations has little impact on the automobile market in these cities. In other cities that haven’t implemented the national six-B standard, if there are relatively many vehicles in stock in the national six-A, there will be a certain price drop in the short term, but this will be experienced in all previous emission standard switches. The development trend of green and low carbon in automobile industry itself is the embodiment of market demand, which will also accelerate the transformation of automobile enterprises and industries.

　　Half-year sales transition period, to promote the smooth continuation of the market.

　　The release of the national six emission standards has given the market a long adjustment window. Implementing standards in advance in key areas is conducive to alleviating the industry pressure when the policy is formally implemented.

　　At the same time, the announcement made it clear that for some light-duty vehicle models such as National Six B, which were reported as "monitoring only" in the actual driving pollutant emission test (RDE test), a half-year sales transition period was given and sales were allowed until December 31, 2023. This move is also to enable manufacturers and distributors to rationally plan the layout and complete the product switching and sales as soon as possible.

　　The reporter learned from China Automobile Industry Association that China Automobile Association has established an inventory scheduling mechanism with the top ten automobile groups and other member units to organize and schedule industry inventory data on a monthly basis. By the end of January 2023, there were more than 1.89 million vehicles in stock that did not meet RDE requirements.

　　The person in charge of China Automobile Industry Association believes that the current inventory pressure is caused by objective factors. Among them, there are some factors such as "demand contraction, supply shock, expected weakening" and other factors such as the poor performance of the automobile market, and it takes some time for product production to switch, and new energy vehicles accelerate the replacement of traditional fuel vehicles. After months of promotion, the inventory has fallen sharply.

　　"The policy gives a half-year sales transition period, which is conducive to stabilizing the mentality of dealers and enterprises, orderly destocking, and helping the car market to make a smooth transition." Cui Dongshu, secretary general of the National Passenger Car Market Information Association, said.

　　Accelerate the guidance of green intelligence and promote industrial iterative upgrading.

　　The industry believes that the full implementation of the national six B emission standards has a positive role in promoting the iterative upgrading of the fuel vehicle market and the new energy vehicle market.

　　Recently, the the State Council executive meeting deployed to speed up the construction of charging infrastructure. The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support the Rural and Rural Revitalization of New Energy Vehicles". A series of policies to encourage automobile consumption, especially to support the consumption of new energy vehicles, have been introduced to accelerate the upgrading of the industry to green and intelligent.

　　With industrial orientation and policy support, car companies have accelerated their layout, and the market is constantly exploring model innovation: Chery recently announced preferential measures for going to the countryside, and its "QQ Ice Cream" went to the countryside to launch 1000 yuan/Taiwan car purchase subsidies; Charging service providers can promote the penetration of business in rural areas, forming a charging service network covering 55,000 stations and 575,000 charging guns nationwide; Hangzhou Longyuan Electric Power Co., Ltd. and related units jointly worked out the optimal power supply scheme of charging station, and monitored the working state of charging pile and charging protection system in real time through digital technology & HELIP; …

　　The proportion of freight new energy vehicles is constantly increasing, and the market promotion of new energy vehicles is accelerated. Take Lala as an example. In October last year, the proportion of new energy truck drivers on the platform reached 25%. According to the prospectus of Cargo Lala, by the end of last year, Cargo Lala had over 35,000 electric vehicle charging stations in over 270 cities in China.

　　"Industrial upgrading is the general trend." Xu Haidong, deputy chief engineer of China Automobile Industry Association, believes that both the implementation of emission standards and the promotion of consumption policies will further promote the green transformation of the entire automobile industry and accelerate the popularization and application of new energy vehicles. The next step is to do a good job in policy implementation and continuously improve the overall competitiveness and development quality of the automobile industry.