Professor online celebrity’s resume update: an honor item appeared "on the hot search"

  Recently, the profile of Professor Hu Jinniu of Nankai University in official website was updated. In the column of honorary title, the experience of "being on hot search" was added.

Professor online celebrity's resume update: an honor item appeared "on the hot search"

  It is reported that Hu Jinniu is a professor at the School of Physical Sciences of Nankai University. In September, 2022, she attracted attention because of a lot of self-mockery in the personal homepage of teachers in official website.

Professor online celebrity's resume update: an honor item appeared "on the hot search"

  Professor Hu’s new personal introduction still comes with "barrage spitting", and the new version has a new position, namely, director of Tianjin Astronomical Society. In this regard, he continued to explain in parentheses in the introduction, saying that he was finally out of the circle.

Professor online celebrity's resume update: an honor item appeared "on the hot search"

  In terms of research direction, Professor Hu also added a few tips: "My sense of humor is very limited in real life, and it is likely to disappoint students who want to listen to jokes … I basically have no doctoral degree and have not been rated as a doctoral supervisor for many years."

Professor online celebrity's resume update: an honor item appeared "on the hot search"

  In terms of teaching experience, compared with the introduction in 2022, in Hu Jinniu’s undergraduate course, quantum mechanics "has been in operation for three years, and it has successfully passed the rookie period", atomic physics "is worrying about how to carry out teaching reform", and nuclear theory, a postgraduate course, "is often suspended because of a small number of students, and recently there are so many students".

  As of press time, Professor Hu Jinniu’s homepage has been visited by 180,000 people.

  In this regard, many netizens said that "a lovely professor", "talented people are like this", "really open-minded" and "I really want to take this teacher’s class".

[Editor in charge:

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Night reading | He said that life is a tearful smile.

  CCTV News:His life was full of ups and downs, and he began his literary creation when he was nearly puzzled, but he became one of the "three great short story masters in the world". He has left nearly 300 novels in his creative career for more than ten years, including Sacrifice of Love, Gift of Maggie, and The Last Leaf … … Articles are literary classics; He wrote "a tearful smile" with his own experience, enlightening the world that "as long as you believe, there will always be miracles".

  He is O. Henry.

  1862-O Henry, a famous American short story writer, was born. Tonight, review his classic works and feel the love and hope in life.

Maggie’s gift

(with deletion)

  Life is made up of sobs, sobs and smiles, and sobs occupy most of them.

  One yuan and eighty-seven cents. It’s all here, including 60 cents in coppers. This is saved by bargaining from grocery store owners, vegetable vendors and butcher’s shops, and I feel ashamed every time. I deeply feel that this kind of deal is really embarrassing. Della counted it three times, and it was still 1.87 yuan, and the next day was Christmas. 

  Obviously, there is no other way but to throw yourself on that shabby nap chair and cry. 

  Della did this, but her spiritual feelings came to life. Life is made up of sobs, sobs and smiles, and sobs occupy most of them.

  After Della finished crying, she smeared powder on her cheeks. She stood at the window and stared at a gray cat walking on a gray fence in the gray backyard. Only one yuan and eighty-seven cents to buy Jim a present, her Jim! How many days did she spend planning to give him a lovely gift, an exquisite, rare and expensive gift — — At least something worthy of Jim.

  The couple each have something they are particularly proud of. One is Jim’s gold watch; The other is Della’s hair. 

  There is a wall mirror between the two windows in the room. Suddenly, she whirled around from the window and stood in front of the wall mirror. Her eyes were crystal clear, but her face lost its luster within twenty seconds. She tore her hair apart quickly and let it splash completely. 

  The couple each have something they are particularly proud of. One is Jim’s gold watch, which was handed down from his grandfather to his father and from his father to his family heirloom. The other is Della’s hair. 

  At this moment, Della’s hair splashed around her, and the microwave fluctuated and shone like a brown waterfall. Her hair is knee-length, like a robe for her. Then, she quickly combed her hair nervously, hesitated for a minute, and stood there motionless, splashing a tear or two on the worn red carpet. 

  She bought it for twenty-one dollars. With the gold watch and this chain, Jim can look at the time without shame on any occasion.

  She put on the old brown coat and hat, and there were glittering and translucent tears in her eyes. As soon as her skirt swung, she floated out of the door and went downstairs to the street. 

  She stopped at a sign that said, "Mrs. Sofroni — — Specializing in all kinds of hair. " Della ran up the stairs, panting and composed. That lady is fat, too pale and as cold as ice, which simply doesn’t match the nickname of "Sofroni". 

  "Do you want to buy my hair?" Della asked. 

  "I buy hair," said the lady. "Take off your hat and let me see the hair sample." 

  The brown waterfall splashed down. 

  "Twenty dollars," said the lady, grasping her hair expertly. 

  "Give me the money quickly," said Della. 

  Oh, the next two hours seemed to fly by happily with wings. She searched everywhere for a present for Jim. 

  She finally found it. It must be specially made for Jim. It’s a simple platinum watch chain, engraved with patterns, which is just right for Jim’s gold watch. She bought it for twenty-one dollars and hurried home, leaving only eighty-seven cents. The gold watch matches this chain, so Jim can look at the time without shame on any occasion. 

  After Della came home, her ecstasy became a little cautious and rational. She found out the curling iron, lit the gas, and began to repair the damage caused by the generosity of love. Within forty minutes, her head was covered with small curls that clung to her scalp, and she looked like a little boy playing truant.

  "If Jim looks at me and doesn’t kill me," she said to herself, "he will say that I look like a singing girl in Coney Island, but what can I do — — Alas, there is only one yuan and eighty-seven cents. What can I do? " 

  She held her hair comb to her chest, and after a long time, she raised her tearful eyes and smiled and said, "My hair grows very fast, Jim!" " 

  At seven o’clock, she made coffee, put the frying pan on the hot stove, and could make steak at any time. 

  Jim always comes home on time. The door opened, Jim stepped in and closed the door behind him. His eyes were fixed on Della, and her expression made her unable to understand and made her hair stand on end. It was neither anger nor surprise, nor dissatisfaction, nor disgust, and it was not any expression she had expected at all. He stared at della with this expression. 

  Della twisted her waist, jumped off the table and walked over to him. 

  "Jim, honey," she cried, "don’t stare at me like that. I cut off my hair and sold it, because I can’t spend Christmas without giving you a present. Hair will grow back — — You won’t mind, will you? I have to do this. My hair is growing very fast. Say ‘ Merry Christmas ’ Ok! Jim, let’s be happy. You’ll never guess what a nice, beautiful and exquisite gift I bought you! " 

  "Have you cut off your hair?" Jim asked laboriously, as if he had racked his brains and failed to understand the obvious fact. 

  "Cut it off and sell it," said Della. "Anyway, don’t you also like me? Without long hair, I am still me, right? " 

  Jim looked around the room strangely. 

  "Did you say your hair was gone?" He asked almost like an idiot. 

  "Stop looking," said Della. "To tell you, I have sold it — — It’s sold. It’s gone. Treat me well, it’s for you. Maybe I can count my hair, "she suddenly said softly," but no one can count my love for you. Shall I cook steak, Jim? " 

  Jim seemed to wake up from a trance and held Della tightly in his arms. Jim took a small bag from his coat pocket and threw it on the table. 

  "Don’t get me wrong, Del," he said. "When you open that bag, you will know why I looked like that just now." 

  White fingers deftly untied the rope and opened the paper bag. Followed by ecstatic screams, suddenly turned into women’s neurotic tears and crying, in urgent need of the male host to do everything possible to comfort. 

  Because it’s a comb on the table — — Full set of combs. It was something that Della had seen and envied to death in a Broadway window a long time ago. These wonderful hair combs are made of pure tortoiseshell, and the edges are inlaid with jewels — — Its color just matches her lost hairdressing. She knows that this set of combs is really too expensive. For this, she was only envious and eager before, and never thought about getting them. Now, all this actually belongs to her, but unfortunately the beautiful long hair that is qualified to wear this coveted ornament has disappeared without a trace. 

  However, she still held her hair comb to her chest, and it took a long time before she raised her tearful eyes and smiled and said, "My hair grows very fast, Jim!" " 

  I sold my gold watch and bought a hair comb for you.

  Then Della jumped up like a scalded kitten and cried, "Oh! Oh! " Jim hasn’t seen his beautiful gift yet.

  Della spread out her palm and reached out to him. "Isn’t it beautiful, Jim? I searched all over the city before I found it. Now, you can watch the time a hundred times a day. Give me the watch, I want to see how it matches it. " 

  Instead of following her instructions, Jim collapsed on the couch with his hands under his head and smiled slightly. 

  "Del," he said, "let’s put Christmas presents aside. They are too good to be used at present. I sold my gold watch and bought a hair comb for you. Now, you make the steak. " 

 

△ Figure from British illustrator David Renshaw

▽ Sketch | O Henry

  O Henry, born on September 11th, 1862, was originally named william sydney porter. He created the precedent of modern American short stories, and was called "the three great short story masters in the world" together with French Mo Bosang and Russian Chekhov.

  After a lifetime of ups and downs, I began to create in prison when I was near confusion.

  In 1898, O Henry, who worked as a cashier in a bank, was jailed for "embezzlement" because of problems in the bank accounts he handled. In order to make a living, he began to write short stories in prison, nearly 30 years old. Because of the prisoner’s identity, he dared not use his real name, so he took the abbreviation "O Henry" of a French pharmacopoeia editor as his pen name.

  In 1901, after serving more than three years in prison, O Henry was released early, and then he devoted himself to writing. But just when his creativity was at its peak, his health began to deteriorate and he died in 1910. 

  "Smile with tears" and "O ‘Henry-style ending" are well-known in the literary world.

  "Smile with tears" — — The organic combination of comedy form and tragedy connotation is the creative style of O ‘Henry’s novels. In his works, the kind and kind poor people have no food to eat and no shelter. He profoundly revealed the soul and fate of the little people in American society at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, which constituted the unique humanistic care in his novels.

  O Henry is also famous for being good at endings. At the end of his works, the fate of the hero is often suddenly reversed, or the psychological situation of the characters is unexpectedly changed. This is an unexpected and reasonable ending, which is specially called "O Henry’s ending" by American literary circles.

  More than ten years of writing time has left nearly 300 short stories.

  Although he has only spent more than ten years in his life writing novels, O Henry is a prolific writer. He left behind a novel "Cabbage and the Emperor" and nearly 300 short stories, including the famous novels "Sacrifice of Love", "Police and Hymns", "The Gift of Maggie", "A Room with Furniture for Rent", "The Last Leaf" and "Twenty Years Later".

  In 1918, the United States set up the "O Henry Memorial Award" to reward the best short stories every year.

Draw a leaf for life,

As long as you believe, there will always be miracles.

Although the hope is slim, it will last forever.

— — O Henry’s The Last Leaf

Popular science | spring is well covered, and the disease goes around! Don’t wear too much spring clothes, these four places are enough.

The temperature rises gradually in spring,
Make everyone feel comfortable.
But the cold air kills a comeback from time to time,
Let the temperature rise and fall.
I just took off my long pants and found that it had cooled down;
I put on my winter clothes again, but I was sweating from the heat.
This cold-hot change,
People will get sick if they are not careful.
As the saying goes, "Spring covers autumn, and old people get sick",
In spring, you still have to cover it!
Spring covers everywhere, miscellaneous diseases are not born.
one
Cover your wrists: keep your whole body blood.
The heart is in charge of the blood vessels of the whole body, and warms the whole body by conveying qi and blood, while the original point is the point that is in charge of the vitality of the viscera and the motive force of life.
Shenmen point, as the original point of the heart meridian of hand shaoyin, is the first key part of spring cover.
Location: Shenmen point is located on the wrist transverse striation, on the inner side of the tendon below the wrist on the little finger side of the hand.
Health care method: Press Shenmen point repeatedly with the thumb tip for 30 times when it is normal, which can remove irritability and calm the nerves. When pressing this point, you don’t need too much force, and you don’t have to pursue a feeling of soreness.
2
Cover your waist and back: Everything will be fine if your kidney is good.
The root of yang in human body is the kidney, and the waist is the house of the kidney. When the kidney is yang-deficient, the waist will be sore, afraid of cold, frequent urination and prone to fatigue.
Massage the Shenshu point on the waist, which can nourish yin and strengthen yang, tonify kidney and strengthen waist.
Location: Shenshu point is located under the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra and at the width of the left and right fingers.
Health care method: you can make a fist with both hands, put the protrusion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger on Shenshu point located on both sides of the waist and back, first press and knead it clockwise for 9 times, then press and knead it counterclockwise for 9 times, and so on for 36 times.
Hot compress or moxibustion with hot water bottle can also warm kidney yang.
three
Covering feet and calves: gathering yang, causing pain in one year.
In spring, many elderly people will have migraine or small abdominal pain, even nausea, vomiting, eye pain and other manifestations of liver-yang deficiency.
This suggests that we should focus on protecting the feet and calves, and applying more hot compress to the point near weeping on weekdays can improve this discomfort.
Location: The point of Zulinqi is located on the outside of the dorsum of the foot, between the metatarsal bones of the fourth toe and the little toe.
Health care method: place the thumb and finger surfaces of both hands on the point near the foot, press vertically, press down and rub it, then slowly flex and stretch the toes, so that the stimulation can fully reach the deep layer of muscle tissue. After 20 ~ 30 seconds, gradually relax, and then gently rub the part. Repeat this operation for 5-10 minutes each time, 2-3 times a day.
four
Cover your navel: nourish yang and help you live longer.
Traditional Chinese medicine calls navel Shenque point, which can inspire spleen and stomach yang. Especially for people who often have cold pain and diarrhea in the stomach, special attention should be paid to the warmth of this part.
Health care method: massage method can be used to maintain Shenque point, that is, on an empty stomach before going to bed every night, rub your hands hot, put them on your navel at the bottom left and top right, and massage them clockwise for 360 times each time.
These people have to "cover up"
one
Gastropathy patient
Low-temperature stimulation can cause capillary contraction, affect gastric acid secretion and blood circulation in the stomach, thus causing acute stomach spasm, gastric ulcer, gastroenteritis and so on.
Such people need to increase or decrease their clothes in time to prevent their abdomen from catching cold.
Pay attention to warm and nourish the stomach, drink more hot water, eat less cold food and eat on time. Exercise in moderation, not too much exercise and sweating.
2
Arthropathy patient
The recurrence of most joint diseases is related to cold.
In the early spring, when the temperature is changeable, patients with arthropathy should pay more attention to protecting the important joints of the whole body to avoid the invasion of cold air.
three
asthma
After cold air stimulation, it will lead to decreased airway immunity and impaired function, and then increase airway responsiveness, causing cough, chest tightness and even asthma and dyspnea.
Therefore, when the temperature drops suddenly, patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis had better go out less. When they have to go out, they can wear masks, add clothes, and pay attention to keeping their head, chest, back and feet warm to avoid catching cold.
four
coronary heart patient
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "blood coagulates when it meets cold", which means that cold stimulation will cause blood vessels to contract and spasm, and the blood flow will not be smooth, and at the same time increase the burden on the heart, thus easily inducing cardiovascular diseases.
Therefore, for patients with coronary heart disease, it is necessary to keep warm the chest and back at this time.
In addition, rational medication is needed to control blood pressure. If you have chest tightness, dull pain or palpitation, even if the attack time is very short, you should pay special attention.
five
Patients with cerebrovascular disease
Spring is the season of high incidence of cerebral infarction, especially during this period, the large temperature difference between day and night, low air pressure and high humidity are easy to stimulate the nerves that control vascular activity in the body, resulting in continuous spasm of arterioles and sudden rise of blood pressure.
Therefore, for middle-aged and elderly people, once they find symptoms such as numbness or weakness of one limb, numbness or skew of one face, unclear speech, dizziness with vomiting, they must be highly vigilant and should go to the hospital for examination and treatment immediately.
Matters needing attention in spring cover
Whether it is covered in spring depends on the weather. Generally speaking, the temperature difference between day and night is large in spring.When it is cold in the morning and evening, cover it properly..
Clothes can be reduced appropriately when the temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius at noon; When there is a "cold spring", we must abide by the way of "spring cover"; When the "warm spring" comes, that is, when the maximum daily temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius for several days in a row, it can’t be "covered".
If two kinds of extreme weather alternate, you should dress and undress more frequently.
Dacheng Wuchang
Produced by Wuchang District Media Center of Propaganda Department of Wuchang District Committee of the Communist Party of China
Source | Healthy Hubei
Submission | dachengwuchang@qq.com
Tel | 027-88930455
Reporting/feedback

Proposal for banning the burning and releasing of fireworks and firecrackers

Dear friends of residents,

The Spring Festival is approaching. In order to advocate an environmentally friendly, low-carbon and green lifestyle, further strengthen the safety management of fireworks and firecrackers, ensure the personal health and property safety of residents, and create a peaceful, happy and peaceful holiday atmosphere, we hereby issue the following initiatives to the residents and friends:

First, set an example and take the lead in compliance.Start from yourself, consciously abide by the relevant regulations, do not buy or set off fireworks, do not transport, store, deliver, sell or carry fireworks in violation of regulations, drive and influence people around you with your own actions, and jointly safeguard a beautiful living environment.

Second, remind in time and advise in good faith.Actively publicize and advocate the concept of prohibiting fireworks and firecrackers, persuade family members, neighbors and relatives and friends to respond to the initiative, do not sell, buy, store or set off fireworks and firecrackers, resolutely resist illegal activities, and strive to turn not setting off fireworks and firecrackers into conscious behavior, and gather strong positive energy to protect the environment and live a civilized and healthy year.

Third, advocate science and bid farewell to bad habits.Advocate the new fashion of science and civilization, choose electronic firecrackers, festive music, flowers and other safe, environmentally friendly and low-carbon ways to celebrate the festival, and strive to create a beautiful environment, fresh air, civilized and harmonious holiday atmosphere.

It is everyone’s responsibility to ban burning and releasing. Let’s take active actions to "reduce the burden" for the air and "increase the weight" for health, and strive to be communicators, advocates and practitioners of civilized fashion together. Finally, I wish the residents and friends good health, smooth work, happy family and good luck in the Year of the Dragon!


Kelan county Women’s Federation

January 31, 2024


set off firecrackers and fireworks
The harm of


1. cause air pollution


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Setting off fireworks and firecrackers will produce a lot of harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and dust of various metal oxides. It strongly stimulates human respiratory tract, makes people cough and causes respiratory diseases such as tracheitis.

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2. Produce noise pollution


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The loud noise caused by setting off fireworks and firecrackers makes it difficult for the elderly to sleep peacefully, the patients are frightened, and the students can’t study and rest quietly. Many times, pedestrians are frightened by the sudden loud noise during the discharge, which is likely to lead to very serious consequences for people with heart disease.



3.Cause a fire hazard


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Especially in urban areas, buildings are getting higher and higher, and the population is relatively dense. The discharge of high-altitude fireworks can easily lead to fires and directly endanger people’s lives and property.



4.Injury accident occurred.


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Fireworks and firecrackers can easily cause injuries, especially children!



5. Waste of resources


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Precious resources such as paper and chemical raw materials are discharged, which also pollutes the environment and occupies a lot of urban public resources.



6. Create a human burden


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A large amount of garbage produced by setting off fireworks and firecrackers has brought a serious cleaning burden to sanitation workers.


Sports history-the birth of football: a football teenager’s foul.

In the English dictionary, Rugby has two meanings: one is football; The second is the place name. rugby, a small town in Warwickshire, England, is the hometown of rugby. 198 years ago, on the lawn of Rugby College, a 16-year-old football boy ran with the ball in his arm, which was an obvious foul, but it finally became a sport. This boy is wilhelm weber Webbellis.
Portrait of wilhelm weber EllisAn ordinary moment of gloryTo discuss the origin of rugby, we should start with the life of wilhelm weber Ellis.
William’s life is both plain and legendary. On November 24th, 1806, he was born in Salford, Lancashire, England. He was the son of a soldier, and his father, James Ellis, was a cornet player in the Dragon Riding Team. By 1809 at the latest, James had been promoted to lieutenant and was stationed in Portugal with the troops. In 1804, James Ellis married wilhelm weber’s daughter Anne Webb in Exeter, England. In 1812, when William was only 6 years old, his father was killed in the Spanish War of Independence, and Anne received a pension of 30 pounds from the army. This pension became the basis of William’s attachment to football.
After her father died, Anne, who lost her financial resources, decided to move to rugby with her family. At that time, it was a small town with only a few thousand people, and the only thing that made the town famous in China was Rugby College. Rugby College was founded in 1567 as a grammar school. In the 1820s and 1930s, Rugby College, under the leadership of its president, Thomas Arnold, has become a famous public school in England. The public school here is different from its literal meaning, and it promotes elite-oriented secondary education. Rugby College enrolls boys within 10 miles of Fiona Fang with the town clock as the center. In 1816, 10-year-old William began his nine-year study here. During his study, William gave the impression of being "a good student and cricketer". However, some people have noticed that William is not a disciplined cricketer because "he always tends to gain an advantage through unfair cheating". This evaluation was quickly confirmed in an accident.
One day in 1823, in a fierce football match, William, who was thin, failed to get the ball several times. In desperation, he actually picked up the football and ran to the opponent’s goal. When the opponent stopped him, he ignored it and rushed straight ahead. For the established football rules at that time, you can kick the ball with your feet or even handball, but you can’t run with the ball in the game, which will be regarded as cheating. However, at that time, this foul did not attract much attention. This is because in the early 19th century, there were many student football clubs in rugby, with hundreds of large clubs and only a dozen small ones. Because the rules of modern football have not been determined, many rules were agreed temporarily before the game, and the use of hands was not absolutely prohibited during the game, William’s foul was not so eccentric.
The portrait of the game in 1823, the act of running with the ball, was only an episode in the game and did not have any influence on William’s life track. After studying in rugby for nine years, William entered Brecci North College of Oxford University (former British Prime Minister David Cameron also graduated from this college), where he participated in cricket matches between Oxford and Cambridge. In 1829, he got a bachelor’s degree, and in 1831, he got a master’s degree in literature at Oxford. Since then, he has become an evangelical priest, who went to the front to preach during the Crimean War. In 1872, at the age of 65, William died in Montone, southern France. He never married and had no children. He donated 9,000 pounds to the church, which was a huge sum at that time.If it weren’t for the title of inventor of rugby, William’s life would be unremarkable. If it weren’t for people’s exploration and pursuit later, that accidental running with the ball would be just an episode, and it would soon be lost in the long bells of the small town church.
"Collusion" between Antique Collectors and Students
As mentioned above, the invention of football happened by accident, and even the parties may not realize it. So, by what historical chance, wilhelm weber Ellis was finally established as the inventor of rugby? How did rugby become an independent sport?
The status of William as an inventor was first recorded by Mathew Bloxam, a local antique collector. In October, 1876, he wrote an article for the first time in the magazine Meteor of Rugby School. He learned from an unnamed source that "a boy who received a scholarship in this town, his name was wilhelm weber Ellis, and he ran forward with the ball in a game in 1824".
However, this account is too brief, and it also raises questions about William’s inventor. Maybe it’s to prove that what you said is true. On December 22, 1880, Matthew Brockham published an article in Meteor again, which was much more detailed than the first article. He wrote:
This boy named wilhelm weber Ellis is a scholarship kid in the town. In the football match in 1823, he grabbed the football and put it under his arm. In the football rules at that time, he should kick the ball back to the backcourt as much as possible and try not to separate it from the ball. Because the opponent can only go forward to where he catches the ball, and can’t go forward unless he kicks the ball forward or passes it to other players to kick it. In the situation at that time, most successful attacks were scored in this way. But at that time, at the moment when the ball hit the ground, the opponent might be eager to attack, which made Ellis ignore the rules for the first time. Instead of retreating as required by the rules, he grabbed the ball with his hand and rushed forward. Although I don’t know what the final result is, I don’t know what happened after this famous foul, and I don’t know when it became a common rule.
Soon after the publication of these two articles, it caused doubts from the outside world, which have not been completely eliminated until today. The doubts about William’s inventor of "rugby" mainly focus on three points: First, the time of the game. In an article in 1876, Matthew said the time of the competition was 1824, and four years later, he changed the time point to 1823, because William was not in school in 1824. This serious injury greatly reduced the reliability of Matthew’s account. The second is about the time of publication. When Matthew’s argument was published, William had died for four years, and there was no evidence from other parties in the argument, only the so-called "unnamed channel". The third is the content of the discussion. As long as we compare the two expositions in 1876 and 1880, we will find that the second one is much more detailed than the first one, which is quite a bit suspicious of the ancient school’s "making history by layers". Later expositions are to prove that the above descriptions are not empty, but it is difficult to verify whether they are true or false.
To this end, in 1895, the local old rugby association decided to investigate the origin of the sport, but the investigation team has been suffering from "unable to obtain first-hand evidence of the incident." Subsequently, a pair of brothers named Harris once testified to the investigation team that William did "gain an unfair advantage" in the football match, but whether this was the origin of rugby was not conclusive.
Compared with the origin of disagreement, William’s practice seems to be more helpful for rugby to become an independent sport. In August 1845, three students of Rugby College, Walter Shere, William Arnold and Friedlich Hutsis, got together and formulated the first rugby rules carefully. "The collision before kick-off, after the ball touches the ground or when the player’s body is empty is illegal; When a player is injured, the game must be stopped so that the injured can receive treatment … "In this rule, there are also modern rugby terms such as pre-beat, pre-pass and offside. Through the terms of these rules, we can feel the "Fair play" of the British who advocate fair competition, and we can also read out the respect for the participants. This respect is reflected in two aspects, on the one hand, it is to protect the physical safety of the contestants, on the other hand, it is to respect the sportsmanship.
This rule is printed into a pocket-sized booklet, which is all the rage on campus. Once students encounter differences in the competition, they will stop the competition and take out the rules from their backpacks to find a solution. After the rules were determined, rugby soon spread in elite schools such as Harrow and Eton, and these students brought it to universities such as Oxford and Cambridge, followed by the birth of a number of rugby clubs. On January 26th, 1871, the English Rugby League was founded in London, with 21 clubs participating. On March 27th of the same year, the world’s first international rugby match was held in Edinburgh, against England and Scotland.
The vigorous development of rugby makes rugby proud. In 1895, a stone tablet was erected in Rugby College, which read: "I hereby commemorate wilhelm weber Ellis, who ignored the football rules at that time and ran with the ball for the first time, thus drawing a clear line between football and rugby."
A memorial tablet in Rugby College about William’s invention of rugby. At this time, wilhelm weber Ellis has been dead for 23 years. The inventor didn’t know that with the help of an antique collector and classmate, rugby became a formal sport, and he was crowned as the inventor of rugby.Gentlemen’s games played by hooligans and hooligans’ games played by gentlemen.
No matter whether local antique collectors diligently research past anecdotes or Rugby college students painstakingly put the established rules into words, all they do is to distinguish rugby from football. From this perspective, rugby is not "invented", but is born out of football.
Interestingly, in the mid-19th century, when the children of Rugby College were carefully drafting the rules of rugby, football gradually entered a mature stage. In 1848, the Cambridge Rules, the first written rule of football, was born, which defined for the first time the number of participants in a football match and the form of football goals, that is, the ball needs to cross the space between or above the goalposts, no matter how high it is, as long as it is not thrown, thrown or hit by hands, it is counted as a point. In addition, the players are not allowed to wear any equipment that may threaten the lives of others. On October 26th, 1853, the Football Association held its first plenary session in a pub in London. At the meeting, Hebrew Cobo Morey, the first secretary-general, read out the Charter of Modern Football, which stipulated: "It is strictly forbidden to stumble and kick people, and all players are not allowed to catch or push the ball with their hands." These two texts define the restrictions on the use of hands in football and draw the boundaries between football and rugby.
Not only in terms of rules, football and football began to "cut", but also in terms of participants and spectators, football and football began to go their separate ways. From the middle and late 19th century, a proverb gradually spread in British society, "Football is a gentleman’s game played by hooligans; Rugby is a rogue game played by gentlemen. " This proverb vividly illustrates the personality differences between the two sports. Why is there such a personality difference between football and rugby, and what impact will this personality difference have on their development? This is also a topic worthy of elaboration.
In fact, this is still rooted in the origin of these two sports. Since its birth, football has found a bosom friend in the northern part of England where the industrial revolution sprouted. Its fans and participants are industrial workers, and they gradually turn playing football into a profession. Today, Manchester and Liverpool, located in the north of England, are traditional football towns with strong sports foundation. In rugby and other southern regions, because football originated from the campus, most of the participants are students. As an old-fashioned prestigious school, rugby’s graduates often go to prestigious schools like Oxford and Cambridge for further study, which naturally brings this sport to the ivory tower. Because the participants are mainly students, rugby has been defined as a "non-professional sport" since its birth, and most fans just rely on interest and will not earn a penny from this sport. This unprofessional watershed retains the gentleman’s reserve, but limits the development space of this sport. Money and fans flock to football, while rugby gradually declines. Even in his hometown of rugby, except for the monuments and towering goals on campus, it is hard to find traces of football.
Rugby College’s erected rugby gate. Fortunately, rugby is "doomed". Since the middle and late 19th century, with the pace of colonial expansion of the British Empire, rugby has traveled across the ocean, rapidly spreading in the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and other countries, and has become a hot project. With the internationalization of this sport, it has also begun to become attached to the modern Olympic movement. In 1883, Pierre De Coubertin, the father of the modern Olympic Movement, began to pay attention to school physical education in Britain. He believed that the failure of France in the Franco-Prussian War was partly due to the weak school physical education, in which England was far ahead. After visiting many schools in England, Coubertin noticed that rugby has become a popular sport in English campuses. Driven by it, in 1900, at the second Olympic Games, rugby was listed as an official event. With Coubertin’s resignation in 1925, his successor, Henri de Baye-latour, was not interested in the team events in the Olympic Games, so rugby was disqualified from the Olympic events. On October 9, 2009, at the plenary session of the International Olympic Committee held in Singapore, rugby sevens was confirmed as the official event of the 2016 Olympic Games. Although the number of participants, rules and forms are different from the traditional 15-a-side rugby, it can still be regarded as the return of rugby games in the Olympic Games.Despite the ups and downs in the Olympic Games, rugby has always been the darling of Commonwealth countries. In 1987, Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted the first Rugby World Cup, which has been held for nine consecutive times. Among them, in the 3rd Rugby World Cup held in South Africa, the South African springbok team, which was dominated by whites, went out as the national team and finally won the championship, which also became a landmark event of racial reconciliation in the rainbow country. Outside the Commonwealth countries, rugby has gradually evolved into a more intense and professional American football in North America, and the National Football League (NFL) plays an important role in the professional sports map of the United States. The Super Bowl, the annual finals of the American Professional Football League, is usually held on the first Sunday of February every year, which is also called "Super Sunday" and enjoys the reputation of "American Spring Festival Evening".
The hustle and bustle of rugby seems to have nothing to do with the quiet town of rugby. But the statue of wilhelm weber Ellis outside Rugby College must have witnessed the ups and downs of this sport. This statue fixed him at the age of 16, holding a football in his left hand, flying his right foot and running on the grassy field.
Statue of wilhelm weber Ellis outside Rugby College (this article is from The Paper, please download the "The Paper" APP for more original information).
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